Last updated: 2018-06-22

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Here we develop another summary of sharing of eQTLs across tissues by showing the estimated distribution of sharing; specifically, the distribution of the number of tissues shared by sign and by magnitude. This complements this summary and this one.

Compare the plots below to the plots in Figure 5 of the paper.

Set up environment

First, we load some functions defined for the mash analyses.

source("../code/normfuncs.R")

This is the threshold used to determine whether a gene has an eQTL in a given tissue.

thresh <- 0.05

Load data and mash results

Load some GTEx summary statistics, as well as some of the results generated from the mash analysis of the GTEx data.

out     <- readRDS("../data/MatrixEQTLSumStats.Portable.Z.rds")
maxbeta <- out$strong.b
maxz    <- out$strong.z
out <- readRDS(paste("../output/MatrixEQTLSumStats.Portable.Z.coved.K3.P3",
                     "lite.single.expanded.V1.posterior.rds",sep = "."))
lfsr           <- out$lfsr
pm.mash        <- out$posterior.means
standard.error <- maxbeta/maxz
pm.mash.beta   <- pm.mash * standard.error

Histograms of sharing by magnitude

Sharing by magnitude means that two eQTLs have similar effect size (within a factor of 2).

The histograms below summarize sharing by magnitude across all tissues (left), tissues other than brain (middle), and brain tissues only (right).

sigmat <- (lfsr <= thresh)
nsig   <- rowSums(sigmat)
par(mar = c(4,4,2,1))
par(oma = c(8,4,0,0) + 0.1)
par(mfrow = c(1,3))
hist((het.func(het.norm(effectsize=pm.mash.beta[nsig>0,]),threshold=0.5)),
     main="",xlab="",breaks=0.5:44.5,col="grey",freq=FALSE,ylim=c(0,0.9),
     xaxt="n")
axis(1,at = seq(1, 44, by=1),labels = c(1:44))
mtext("All Tissues")

sigmat <- (lfsr[,-c(7:16)] <= thresh)
nsig   <- rowSums(sigmat)
hist((het.func(het.norm(effectsize=pm.mash.beta[nsig>0,-c(7:16)]),
     threshold=0.5)),main="",xlab="",breaks=0.5:34.5,col="grey",
     freq=FALSE,ylim=c(0,0.9),xaxt="n")
axis(1,at = seq(1, 34, by=1),labels = c(1:34))
mtext("Non-Brain Tissues")

sigmat     <- (lfsr[,c(7:16)]<=thresh)
nsig       <-  rowSums(sigmat)
brain.norm <- het.norm(effectsize=pm.mash.beta[nsig>0,c(7:16)])
hist(het.func(brain.norm,threshold=0.5),main="",xlab="",breaks=0.5:10.5,
     col="grey",freq=FALSE,xaxt="n",ylim=c(0,0.9))
axis(1, at=seq(1, 10, by=1), labels=c(1:10))
mtext("Brain Tissues")

Expand here to see past versions of hindex-plot-magnitude-1.png:
Version Author Date
e37a93d Peter Carbonetto 2018-06-06

Observe that the distribution of the number of tissues in which an eQTL is shared by magnitude has a mode at 1. This is a subset of eQTLs that have much stronger effect in one tissue than in any other (“tissue-specific”).

Histogram of sharing by sign

Sharing by sign means that the eQTLs have the same sign of effect.

The histograms below summarize sharing by sign across all tissues (left), tissues other than brain (middle), and brain tissues only (right).

sign.func <- function (normeffectsize)
  apply(normeffectsize,1,function(x)(sum(x>0)))
sigmat <- (lfsr<=thresh)
nsig   <- rowSums(sigmat)
par(mar = c(4,4.5,2,1))
par(oma = c(8,4,0,0) + 0.1)
par(mfrow = c(1,3))
hist(sign.func(het.norm(effectsize=pm.mash.beta[nsig>0,])),main="",xlab="",
     breaks=0.5:44.5,col="grey",freq=FALSE,xaxt="n",ylim=c(0,0.9))
axis(1, at=seq(1, 44, by=1), labels=c(1:44))
mtext("All Tissues")

sigmat <- (lfsr[,-c(7:16)] <= thresh)
nsig   <- rowSums(sigmat)
hist(sign.func(het.norm(effectsize = pm.mash.beta[nsig>0,-c(7:16)])),
     main="",xlab="",breaks=0.5:34.5,col="grey",freq=FALSE,ylim=c(0,0.9),
     xaxt="n")
axis(1, at=seq(1, 34, by=1), labels=c(1:34))
mtext("Non-Brain Tissues")

sigmat     <- (lfsr[,c(7:16)]<=thresh)
nsig       <-  rowSums(sigmat)
brain.norm <- het.norm(effectsize=pm.mash.beta[nsig>0,c(7:16)])
hist(sign.func(brain.norm),main="",xlab="",breaks=0.5:10.5,col="grey",
     freq=FALSE,xaxt="n",ylim=c(0,0.9))
axis(1, at=seq(1, 10, by=1), labels=c(1:10))
mtext("Brain Tissues")

Expand here to see past versions of hindex-plot-sign-1.png:
Version Author Date
e37a93d Peter Carbonetto 2018-06-06

Similar to other summaries of the mash analysis, we see that eQTLs exhibit a high level of sharing across tissues.

Session information

sessionInfo()
# R version 3.4.3 (2017-11-30)
# Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0 (64-bit)
# Running under: macOS High Sierra 10.13.5
# 
# Matrix products: default
# BLAS: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.4/Resources/lib/libRblas.0.dylib
# LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.4/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib
# 
# locale:
# [1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8
# 
# attached base packages:
# [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
# 
# loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
#  [1] workflowr_1.0.1.9000 Rcpp_0.12.17         digest_0.6.15       
#  [4] rprojroot_1.3-2      R.methodsS3_1.7.1    backports_1.1.2     
#  [7] git2r_0.21.0         magrittr_1.5         evaluate_0.10.1     
# [10] stringi_1.1.7        whisker_0.3-2        R.oo_1.21.0         
# [13] R.utils_2.6.0        rmarkdown_1.9        tools_3.4.3         
# [16] stringr_1.3.0        yaml_2.1.18          compiler_3.4.3      
# [19] htmltools_0.3.6      knitr_1.20

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